PUBLICATIONS

Highlighted Publications

Leveraging structural differences in modelling approaches to learn about hydrologic drivers

The representations we use when analyzing data and modeling systems completely determine the questions we can ask. Any modeling approach may be highly suitable for learning certain things about a system but completely unsuitable for others. We explore how three different modeling approaches (one lumped water balance method and two machine learning methods) can improve understanding of catchment-scale hydrological processes across Chile.

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Projecting Warming induced groundwater losses across the US

Using a high-resolution groundwater surface water model for the US we quantify the groundwater losses caused by increased plant water use in a warmer future. Warming results in increased aridification in North America and reduced groundwater surface water connections. When shallow groundwater is present it can buffer plant water stress but not indefinitely. Once this storage is depleted it does not easily recover. In the western US where groundwater is already deeper, there is a weaker connection between warming and storage loss.

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Where is the bottom of a watershed?

Turns out it depends who you ask! There is great variability across the earth science community in their treatment of the subsurface both in how they handle the lower boundary condition and where they place it. This commentary explores approaches across our communities and outlines a path forward.

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< archived highlights

Complete Publication List Peer Reviewed Publications

Ma, Y, E Leonarduzzi, A Defnet, P Melchior, LE Condon, and RM Maxwell (2023). Water Table Depth Estimates over the Contiguous United States Using a Random Forest Model. Groundwater. 05 October 2023.
Yang, C, DT Tijerina-Kreuzer, HV Tran, LE Condon, and RM Maxwell (2023). A High-Resolution, 3D Groundwater-Surface Water Simulation of the Contiguous US: Advances in the Integrated ParFlow CONUS 2.0 Modeling Platform. Journal of Hydrology. 626: 130294.
Tran, H, C Yang, LE Condon, and RM Maxwell (2023). The Budyko Shape Parameter as a Descriptive Index for Streamflow Loss. Frontiers in Water. 5, 29 September.
Tijerina-Kreuzer, D, JS Swilley, HV Tran, J Zhang, B West, C Yang, LE Condon, and RM Maxwell (2023). Continental Scale Hydrostratigraphy: Basin-Scale Testing of Alternative Data-Driven Approaches. Groundwater. 28 September 2023.
Swilley, JS, D Tijerina-Kreuzer, HV Tran, J Zhang, C Yang, LE Condon and RM Maxwell (2023). Continental Scale Hydrostratigraphy: Comparing Geologically Informed Data Products to Analytical Solutions. Groundwater. 15 September 2023.
Triplett, A, LE Condon (2023). Climate-Warming-Driven Changes in the Cryosphere and Their Impact on Groundwater–Surface-Water Interactions in the Heihe River Basin. Hydrology and Earth Systems Sciences. 27 (14) 22763-2785. (Access the Codes.)
Spinti, RA, LE Condon, J Zhang (2023). The Evolution of Dam Induced River Fragmentation in the United States. Nature Communications. 14, 3820. (Access the Datasets. Access the Codes.)
Portal: San Francisco’s Ferry Building, LE Condon (2023). Exploring the Signal Filtering Properties of Idealized Watersheds Using Spectral Analysis. Advances in Water Resources. 178(104441).
Condon, LE, A Farley, S Jourdain, P O’leary, P Avery, L Gallagher, C Chennault, RM Maxwell (2023). ParFlow Sand Tank: A tool for groundwater exploration. Journal of Open Source Education. 6(61), 179. (Access the Codes.)
De la Fuente, L, HV Gupta, LE Condon (2023). Toward a Multi-Representational Approach to Prediction and Understanding, in Support of Discovery in Hydrology. Water Resources Research. 59 (1). (Access the Codes.)
Leonarduzzi E, H Tran, V Bansal V, RB Hull, L De la Fuente, LA Bearup, P Melchior, LE Condon and RM Maxwell (2022) Training machine learning with physics-based simulations to predict 2D soil moisture fields in a changing climate. Frontiers in Water. 4:927113.
Gallagher, LK, AJ Farley, C Chennault, S Cerasoli, S Jourdain, P O’Leary, LE Condon & RM Maxwell (2022). The ParFlow Sandtank: An Interactive education tool making invisible groundwater visible. Frontiers in Water. 4.
Baru C, M Pozmantier , I Altintas, LE Condon et al (2022). Enabling AI innovation via data and model sharing: An overview of the NSF Convergence Accelerator Track D. AI Magazine. 43(1):93-104.
Steyaert, JC, LE Condon, S Turner, N Voisin (2022). ResOpsUS, A dataset of historical reservoir operations in the contiguous United States. Sci Data, 9(34). (Access the Datasets. See the research Highlights.)
Tran, H, J Zhang, MM O’Neill, A Ryken, LE Condon and RM Maxwell (2022). A hydrological simulation dataset of the Upper Colorado River Basin from 1983 to 2019. Scientific Data. 9, 16.
Tran, H, E Leonarduzzi, L De la Fuente, RB Hull, V Bansal, C Chennault, P Gentine, P Melchior, LE Condon, and RM Maxwell (2021). Development of a Deep Learning Emulator for a Distributed Groundwater–Surface Water Model: ParFlow-ML. Water 13, no. 23. (Access the Codes.)
Maxwell, RM, LE Condon, and P Melchior (2021). A Physics-Informed, Machine Learning Emulator of a 2D Surface Water Model: What Temporal Networks and Simulation-Based Inference Can Help Us Learn about Hydrologic Processes. Water, 13, no. 24. (Access the Codes.)
Condon, LE, S Kollet, MFP Bierkens, GE Fogg, RM Maxwell, MC Hill, HH Fransen, et al (2021). Global Groundwater Modeling and Monitoring: Opportunities and Challenges. Water Resources Research 57, no. 12: e2020WR029500.
Gallagher, LK, JM Williams, D Lazzeri, C Chennault, S Jourdain, P O’Leary, LE Condon, and RM Maxwell (2021). Sandtank-ML: An Educational Tool at the Interface of Hydrology and Machine Learning. Water 13, no. 23.
O’Neill, MMF, DT Tijerina, LE Condon, and RM Maxwell (2021). Assessment of the ParFlow–CLM CONUS 1.0 Integrated Hydrologic Model: Evaluation of Hyper-Resolution Water Balance Components across the Contiguous United States. Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 12: 7223–54.
Turner, SWD, JC Steyaert, LE Condon, and N Voisin (2021). Water Storage and Release Policies for All Large Reservoirs of Conterminous United States. Journal of Hydrology 603: 126843. (Access the Datasets. Access the Codes.)
Gleeson T, T Wagener, P Döll, SC Zipper, C West, Y Wada, R Taylor, B Scanlon, R Rosolem, S Rahman, N Oshinlaja, R Maxwell, MH Lo, H Kim, M Hill, A Hartmann, G Fogg, JS Famiglietti, A Ducharne, I de Graaf, M Cuthbert, LE Condon, E Bresciani, MFP Bierkens,(2021) GMD Perspective: The Quest to Improve the Evaluation of Groundwater Representation in Continental to Global Scale Models. Geoscientific Model Development: Discussion. 1–59.
Zhang, J, LE Condon, H Tran and RM Maxwell (2021). A National topographic dataset for hydrological modeling over the contiguous United States, Earth System Science data. Earth Syst. Sci. Data. 13, 3263–3279. (Access the Codes.)
Tijerina, D, LE Condon, K FitzGerald, A Dugger, MM O’Neil, K Sampson, D Gochis and RM Maxwell (2021), Continental Hydrologic Intercomparison Project, Phase 1: A Large-Scale Hydrologic Model Comparison Over the Continental United States. Water Resources Research. 57, e2020WR028931
Markovich, KH, LE Condon, KC Carroll R Purtschert, and JC McIntosh (2021). A mountain-front recharge component characterization approach combining groundwater age distributions, noble gas thermometry, and fluid and energy transport modeling. Water Resources Research. 57. (Access the Codes.)
Rapp, G, LE Condon, KH Markovich (2020). Sensitivity of Simulated Mountain-Block Hydrology to Subsurface Conceptualization, Water Resources Research. 56, e2020WR027714. (Access the Codes.)
DeGraaf, I, LE Condon and RM Maxwell (2020). Hyper-resolution continental-scale 3D-aquifer parameterization for groundwater modelling. Water Resources Research.56, e2019WR026004. (Access the Datasets.)
Tran, H, J Zhang, JM Cohard, LE Condon and RM Maxwell (2020). Simulating groundwater-streamflow connections in the Upper Colorado River Basin. Groundwater. 58:392-405.
Fayaz, N, LE Condon and DG Chandler (2020). Evaluating the sensitivity of projected reservoir reliability to the choice of climate projection: A case study of Bull Run Watershed, Portland, Oregon. Water resources Management. 34:1991–2009.
Kuffour, BNO, NB Engdahl, CS Woodward, LE Condon, S Kollet, and RM Maxwell (2020). Simulating coupled surface–subsurface flows with ParFlow v3.5.0: capabilities, applications, and ongoing development of an open-source, massively parallel, integrated hydrologic model. Geoscientific Model Development. 13(3), 1373-1397. (Access the Codes.)
Condon, LE, KH Markovich, CA Kelleher, JJ McDonnell, G Ferguson and JC McIntosh (2020). Where is the bottom of a watershed? Water Resources Research. 56, e2019WR026010.
Van Dusen, P, B Rajagopalan, DJ Lawrence, LE Condon, G Smilie, S Gangopadhyay and T Pruitt (2020). 21st Century Flood Risk Projections and Selected Sites for the U.S. National Parks Service. Climate Risk Management, 28,100211.
Condon, LE, AL Atchley and RM Maxwell (2020). Evapotranspiration depletes groundwater under warming over the contiguous United States. Nature Communications, 11(873).
Markovich, KH, AH Manning, LE Condon, JC McIntosh (2019). Mountain-block Recharge: A Review of Current Understanding. Water Resources Research, 55.
Condon, LE and RM Maxwell (2019). Simulating the sensitivity of evapotranspiration and streamflow to large-scale groundwater depletion. Science Advances, 5(6): eaav4574. (Access the Codes.)
Hein, A, LE Condon and RM Maxwell (2019). Evaluating the relative importance of precipitation, temperature and land-cover change in the hydrologic response to extreme meteorological drought conditions over the North American High Plains. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 23.
Condon, LE and RM Maxwell (2019). Modified priority flood and global slope enforcement algorithm for topographic processing in physically based hydrologic modeling applications. Computers & Geosciences. 126:73-83. (Access the Codes.)
Ehmann, C Kelleher, LE Condon (2018). Monitoring turbidity from above: Deploying small unoccupied aerial vehicles to image in-stream turbidity. Hydrological Processes. 33(6):1013-1021.
Maxwell, RM, LE Condon, M Danesh-Yazdi, and LA Bearup (2018).Exploring source water mixing and transient residence time distributions of outflow and evapotranspiration with an integrated hydrologic model and Lagrangian particle tracking approach. Ecohydrology, 12(1).
Kelleher, C, CA Scholz, LE Condon, and M Reardon (2018), Drones in geoscience research: The sky is the only limit. Eos. 99.
Danesh-Yazdi, M., J Klaus, LE Condon and RM Maxwell (2018). Bridging the gap between numerical solutions of travel time distributions and analytical storage selection functions. Hydrological Processes. 32(8):1063-1076, doi:10.1002/hyp.11481
Condon, LE and RM Maxwell (2017). Systematic shifts in Budyko relationships caused by groundwater storage changes. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 21(2): p. 1117-1135, doi:10.5194/hess-21-1117-2017
Maxwell, RM and LE Condon (2016). Connections between groundwater flow and transpiration partitioning. Science, 353(6297):377-380 doi:10.1126/science.aaf7891.
Maxwell, RM, LE Condon, SJ Kollet, K Maher, R Haggerty, and MM Forrester (2016). The imprint of climate and geology on the residence times of groundwater. Geophysical Research Letters. 43:2, 701-708, doi:10.1002/2015GL066916
Condon, LE and RM Maxwell (2015). Evaluating the relationship between topography and groundwater using outputs from a continental-scale integrated hydrology model. Water Resources Research. 51,(8):6602-6621 doi:10.1002/2014WR016774
Condon, LE, AS Hering, and RM Maxwell (2015). Quantitative assessment of groundwater controls across major US river basins using a multi-model regression algorithm. Advances in Water Resources. 82:106-123. doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2015.04.008
Maxwell, RM, LE Condon, and SJ Kollet (2015). A high resolution simulation of groundwater and surface water over most of the continental US with the integrated hydrologic model ParFlow v3. Geoscientific Model Development. 8:923-937. doi:10.5194/gmd-8-1-2015
Bierkens, MFP, V Bell, P Burek, N Chaney, LE Condon, C David, A de Roo, P Doell, N Drost, J Famiglietti, M Florke, D Gochis, P Houser, R Hut, J Keune, S Kollet, RM Maxwell, J Reager, L Samaniego, E Sutandudjaja, N van de Giesen, H Winsemius, E Wood (2015). Hyper-resolution global hydrological modelling: what’s next? Hydrologic Processes. 29(2), 310-320. doi:10.1002/hyp.10391
Condon, LE, S Gangopadhyay, and T Pruitt (2015). Climate change and non-stationary flood risk for the Upper Truckee River Basin. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences. 19(1):159-175. doi: 10.5194/hess-19-159-2015
Condon, LE and RM Maxwell (2014). Feedbacks between managed irrigation and water availability: Diagnosing temporal and spatial patterns using an integrated hydrologic model. Water Resources Research. 50(3):2600-2616. doi:10.1002/2013WR014868
Condon, LE and RM Maxwell (2014). Groundwater-fed irrigation impacts spatially distributed temporal scaling behavior of the natural system: A spatio-temporal framework for understanding water management impacts. Environmental Research Letters. 9(3), 034009. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/9/3/034009
Condon, LE and RM Maxwell (2013). Implementation of a linear optimization water allocation algorithm into a fully integrated physical hydrology model. Advances in Water Resources. 60:135-147. doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.07.012
Condon, LE, RM Maxwell, and S Gangopadhyay (2013). The impact of subsurface conceptualization on land energy fluxes. Advances in Water Resources. 60:188-203. doi:10.1016/j.advwatres.2013.08.001
Gong, G, L Wang, LE Condon, A Shearman, and U Lall (2010). A Simple Framework for Incorporating Seasonal Streamflow Forecasts into Existing Water Resources Management Practices. JAWRA. 46(3):574-585. doi:10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00435.x

Technical Reports

Payton, EA, AO Pinson, T Asefa, LE Condon, L-AL Dupigny-Giroux, BL Harding, J Kiang, DH Lee, SA McAfee, JM Pflug, I Rangwala, HJ Tanana, DB Wright (2023). Ch. 4. Water. Fifth National Climate Assessment. Crimmins, AR, CW Avery, DR Easterling, KE Kunkel, BC Stewart, TK Maycock, Eds. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA.
Condon, LE, J Ruiz, P Antin, LA Ikner, J Buizer, SB Megdal, S Collinge, KJ Ptten, NL Esquerra (2023). The Future of Agriculture & Food Production in a Drying Climate. Presidential Advisory Commission Report, August 2023.
Maxwell, RM, SJ Kollet, SG Smith, CS Woodward, RD Falgout, IM Ferguson, N Engdahl, LE Condon, S Lopez, J Gilbert, L Bearup, J Jefferson, C Prubilick, C Baldwin, WJ Bosl, R Hornung, and S Ashby (2014). ParFlow User’s Manual, International Ground Water Modeling Center, GMWI 2014-01 v.693.
Condon, LE, K Blickenstaff, and S Gangopadhyay (2013). Mojave River Watershed Climate Change Assessment. US Department of the interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Memorandum No. 86-68210-2013-04.
Blickenstaff, K, SG Gangopadhyay, I Ferguson, LE Condon, and T Pruitt (2013). Climate Change Analysis for the Santa Ana River Watershed. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation, Technical Memorandum No. 86-68210-2013-02.